This article analyzes the transformation of water, an essential common good, into a market product in the city of Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Faced with the chronic failures of the public drinking water distribution service provided by REGIDESO, a parallel and informal market for packaged water (in bottles and sachets) has emerged and developed considerably. This sociological study examines the social, economic and health dynamics that underpin this market. Based on a review of the literature, contextual data and theoretical analysis, the article explores how the commodification of water reconfigures social relations, creates new forms of inequalities and impacts public health. The results indicate that while this market responds to a vital need for a large part of the population, it does so in an uneven way and often to the detriment of the health security of the most vulnerable consumers. The study concludes with recommendations for more effective regulation of the sector and increased investment in public infrastructure to ensure the universal right to safe drinking water.