This study investigates the diversity, behaviour, and ecological impact of termite species attacking plants in the Ketambe Research Station, Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra. Field observations revealed that termites from the genera Macrotermes, Bulbitermes, Hospitalitermes, and Nasutitermes exhibit varied foraging strategies and target living and dead plant tissues. Species such as Macrotermes malaccensis and Nasutitermes matangensis frequently infested stressed or wounded trees, indicating a preference for weakened hosts. Environmental factors such as high humidity, flooding, and plant stress increased termite activity and colonisation. While termites play a crucial role as decomposers and soil engineers, excessive attacks on live vegetation may threaten forest regeneration and biodiversity. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring termite-plant interactions to support forest ecosystem resilience and sustainable management strategies.